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The Peripatetic school was a school of philosophy in Ancient Greece. Its teachings derived from its founder, the Greek philosopher, Aristotle, and ''peripatetic'' is an adjective ascribed to his followers. The school originally derived its name ''Peripatos'' () from the ''peripatoi'' (περίπατοι, "colonnades") of the Lyceum in Athens where the members met. A similar Greek word ''peripatetikos'' (περιπατητικός) refers to the act of walking, and as an adjective, "peripatetic" is often used to mean itinerant, wandering, meandering, or walking about. After Aristotle's death, a legend arose that he was a "peripatetic" lecturer – that he walked about as he taught – and the designation ''Peripatetikos'' came to replace the original ''Peripatos''. The school dates from around 335 BCE when Aristotle began teaching in the Lyceum. It was an informal institution whose members conducted philosophical and scientific inquiries. Aristotle's successors Theophrastus and Strato continued the tradition of exploring philosophical and scientific theories, but after the middle of the 3rd century BCE, the school fell into a decline, and it was not until the Roman era that there was a revival. Later members of the school concentrated on preserving and commenting on Aristotle's works rather than extending them, and the school eventually died out in the 3rd century CE. Although the school died out, the study of Aristotle's works continued by scholars who were called Peripatetics through Later Antiquity, the Middle Ages, and the Renaissance. After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, the works of the Peripatetic school were lost to the west, but in the east they were incorporated into early Islamic philosophy, which would play a large part in the revival of Aristotle's doctrines in Europe in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance. ==Background== The term "Peripatetic" is a transliteration of the ancient Greek word ''περιπατητικός'' ''peripatêtikos'', which means "of walking" or "given to walking about".〔(The entry ''peripatêtikos'' ) in Liddell, Henry and Robert Scott, ''A Greek-English Lexicon''.〕 The Peripatetic school was actually known simply as the ''Peripatos''.〔; 〕 Aristotle's school came to be so named because of the ''peripatoi'' ("colonnades" or "covered walkways") of the Lyceum where the members met.〔; ; 〕 The legend that the name came from Aristotle's alleged habit of walking while lecturing may have started with Hermippus of Smyrna.〔 citing Diogenes Laertius, ''Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers'' 5.2. Some modern scholars discredit the legend altogether; see p. 229 & p. 229 n. 156, in 〕 Unlike Plato, Aristotle was not a citizen of Athens and so could not own property; he and his colleagues therefore used the grounds of the Lyceum as a gathering place, just as it had been used by earlier philosophers such as Socrates. Aristotle and his colleagues first began to use the Lyceum in this way in about 335 BCE.,〔336 BCE: ; 335 BCE: ; 334 BCE: 〕 after which Aristotle left Plato's Academy and Athens, and then returned to Athens from his travels about a dozen years later. Because of the school's association with the gymnasium, the school also came to be referred to simply as the Lyceum.〔 Some modern scholars argue that the school did not become formally institutionalized until Theophrastus took it over, at which time there was private property associated with the school.〔, citing Diogenes Laertius, 5.39 & 5.52.〕 Originally at least, the Peripatetic gatherings were probably conducted less formally than the term "school" suggests: there was likely no set curriculum or requirements for students, or even fees for membership. Aristotle did teach and lecture there, but there was also philosophical and scientific research done in partnership with other members of the school. It seems likely that many of the writings that have come down to us in Aristotle's name were based on lectures he gave at the school, or vice versa. Among the members of the school in Aristotle's time were Theophrastus, Phanias of Eresus, Eudemus of Rhodes, Clytus of Miletus, Aristoxenus, and Dicaearchus. Much like Plato's Academy, there were in Aristotle's school junior and senior members, the junior members generally serving as pupils or assistants to the senior members who directed research and lectured.〔 The aim of the school, at least in Aristotle's time, was not to further a specific doctrine, but rather to explore philosophical and scientific theories; those who ran the school worked rather as equal partners.〔 Sometime shortly after Alexander's death in June 323 BCE, Aristotle left Athens to avoid persecution by anti-Macedonian factions in Athens due to his ties to Macedonia. After Aristotle's death in 322 BCE, his colleague Theophrastus succeeded him as head of the school. The most prominent member of the school after Theophrastus was Strato of Lampsacus, who increased the naturalistic elements of Aristotle's philosophy and embraced a form of atheism. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「peripatetic school」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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